FORWARD ERROR CORRECTIONThe transmission satellitare is subject to a high-level of trouble, therefore it is necessary to implement a form of correction of the errors. Being an unidirectional channel and gives the nature realtime and broadcast of the message it is not possible to ask the delay of the wrong packets to the satellite, therefore together with the byte of information you/they are sent some byte redundant for the correction. This technique has called FEC (Forward Error Correction)Nel our case you/they are used 2 layers of FEC.
The first called Viterbi is express in fractional number. The fraction expresses anymore the relationship among the number n of bit of data in entrance and the number n the bit used for the correction (es 2/3: every 3 received bit 2 are of data and 1 you/he/she is used for the correction).
The second layer of FEC has called Reed-Solomon tails (R/S). The r/s is usually 188/204, that is every 204 bytes, 188 are of data and the remainders they are used for the error correction. This same chain of FEC in the correction of errors is used for the CD-audios and the DVDs.
Every drawer decides the different values of FEC that will engrave on the gang (therefore possiblità to send more or less channels for every transponder) and on the quality.
In more to effectively correct burst of errors (that is more wrong bit cosecutivi) the flow is sent in a different order as shown in figure and riodinato after the transmission, from the IRD (interleaving/deinterleaving).
ADC: They convert the analogical signals in binary sequences.
ENCODER MPEG2: it compresses the digital flow in packets MPEG2.
CRIPTATORE: It codifies the packets so that to be able to be interpreted only from who has paid the service.
CROSS-INTERLEAVER: It adds bit of redundance for the correction of the errors. Being a transmission broadcast, it is not possible after the comparison of an error from the decoder to ask for the corrupt packet. Therefore redundant information are added for assuring the expeditious data integrity.
MULTIPLEXER: It sends to the only exit, to turn, each of the present flows in the a lot of entrances (TDM: multiplazione in division of time). You multiplazione can be type deterministic (a gang pre-arranged for every channel) or type statistic (gang allocata dynamically for every in operation channel of the complexity of the images).
MODULATOR QPSK: Modulator of phase (and ampleness) to 4 stadiums of a carrying harmonica and a digital modulante.


.de
Reply With Quote






